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The detection of Systemic Arterial Hypertension (SAH) in children is increasing and is being associated with increased prevalence of obesity in childhood. The evidence of the nutritional transition in schoolchildren makes it important to develop studies to evaluate the relationships between blood pressure (BP), growth and nutritional status of schoolchildren. Objectives: Evaluate BP, growth and nutritional status of children six and seven, and nine and 10 years of age, who attend public schools in Florianopolis, Santa Catarina Method: A cross sectional analytical study of a probabilistic sample of 1,082 school children from two age groups. The following anthropometric and body composition data were evaluated: Weight (W), Height (H), Triceps Skinfold Thickness (TST), Waist Circumference (WC), Abdominal Waist (AW), ratio of WC/H and AW/H, Body Mass Index (BMI), Arm Fat Area (AFA) and Arm Muscle Area (AMA). These measurements were analysed based on the WHO reference (2007) and Frisancho tables. Blood pressure levels were individually classified in percentiles according to the U.S. benchmark test in relation to sex, age and height in line with the recommendations of the National High Blood Pressure Education Program Working Group on High Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescents (NHBPEP). We analysed the correlation between growth, nutritional status, body composition and BP of the two age groups, as well as the relationship between birth weight and nutritional status. Sensitivity and specificity analyses for the WC/H ratio were calculated by ROC curve. Results: The results showed that the school children had adequate growth and that these measurements were higher than the U.S. benchmark; blood pressure changes were observed in 13.8% of children, most often in the older group (17.6%). The separate analysis of systolic and diastolic blood showed the same trend. Regarding nutritional status, 25.1% were overweight and 13.0% were obese; 4.4% of the sample evinced severe obesity (more frequent in boys, at 7.1%) regardless of age. BP levels (systolic/diastolic) were higher in children with high z-scores for height. BP also was significantly associated with higher zscores for BMI, AFA, AMA, TST and WC, WC/H and AW/H ratio, and an AMA smaller proportion (%). In the multiple regression analysis, the WC/H and AW/H showed an OR of 25842.37, and in the ROC curve, the optimized cut-off point for the WC/H was > 0.49 (56.1% of Sensitivity and 72.6% of Specificity). Conclusions: The school-children evinced adequate growth, higher than the values proposed by WHO, regardless their birth weight. They also showed a high frequency of pre-high blood pressure and of hypertension (13.7%), which tends to increase with age. They had a high prevalence (42.5%) of being overweight and obese, especially severely obese (7.1% higher in boys). They presented greater BP levels associated with a higher stature, as well as an increased risk of BP elevation associated with a higher body mass index, a higher AMB and a smaller AMA proportion (%). The ratio of waist circumference to height in school aged children, in addition to its correlation with elevated BP, has shown to be a good marker of changes in blood pressure for both sexes and in different age groups. Descriptors: Pressure arterial. Obesity. Body composition. Child. School children.

Pressão arterial, crescimento alcançado e estado nutricional de crianças de seis e de dez anos de idade de escolas públicas de Florianópolis, Santa Catarina