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Sarno F. Estimativas do consumo de sodio no Brasil, revisao dos beneficios relacionados a limitacao do consumo deste nutriente na Sindrome Metabolica e avaliacao de impacto de intervencao no local de trabalho. [Estimates of sodium consumption in Brazil, review of benefits related to limiting the consumption of this nutrient in the Metabolic Syndrome and assessment of impact of intervention at the workplace.] Sao Paulo (Br); 2010. [Tese de Doutorado. Faculdade de Saude Publica da Universidade de Sao Paulo]. Introduction: The excess of sodium consumption has been associated with several adverse health effects, such as increased of blood pressure (BP) and cardiovascular disease. Objectives: Evaluate the availability of sodium in Brazil, analyze the effects of diets with reduced sodium content in subjects with Metabolic Syndrome (MS) or insulin resistance (IR) and evaluate the impact of an intervention which promoted the reduction of adding salt to foods. Subjects and Methods: The thesis is composed of three articles. The first one assessed the food and beverage purchases made by households in the Household Budget Survey of 2002/2003, by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. The second article reviewed the literature in a systematic way about clinical trials performed in adults between the years 2004 and 2008. And the last paper assessed the impact of an intervention, based on the ecological model of health promotion, in reducing the added salt to foods consumed by employees of Sao Paulo based companies. Results: The daily amount of sodium available in Brazilian households was 4.7 g daily per person for 2,000 kcal intake. Most of the sodium available for consumption comes from the salt and salt based seasonings (76.2%). The fraction derived from processed foods with added salt represented 9.7% of total sodium intake at the bottom of per person income distribution and 25.0% at the top fifth. The restriction in sodium intake was associated with increased IR in two articles and the decrease in three others. In seven of the nine articles, the salt intake restriction had caused decreased in BP and in two articles have occurred adverse effects on markers of MS. In multivariate analysis, men (IRR = 0.51) and those considered normotensive (IRR = 0.61) allocated in the intervention group at the final moment had lower rates of salt addition in the hot meal. Conclusions: The results indicate that sodium intake in Brazil far exceeds the maximum recommended intake for this nutrient. Most studies have shown beneficial effects of a diet with moderate sodium restriction, with or without other nutritional modifications or increased physical activity. The intervention carried out at the workplace reduced the reporting rate of salt addition in the hot meal by male workers and those categorized as normotensive. Descriptors: Sodium Chloride; Sodium, Dietary; Brazil; Diet, SodiumRestricted; Metabolic Syndrome, Insulin Resistance; Reduction of added salt; Workplace.

Estimativas do consumo de sódio no Brasil, revisão dos benefícios relacionados à limitação do consumo deste nutriente na Síndrome Metabólica e avaliação de impacto de intervenção no local de trabalho