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Souza, FC. Eicosanoids as new therapeutic targets in the treatment of human glioblastoma [Ph.D Thesis (Cell and Tissue Biology)]. São Paulo: Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo; 2017. Glioblastoma (GBM) is a grade IV astrocytoma, the most malignant and the most frequent primary brain tumour in humans. Standard therapies for treating GBM are surgical resection, chemotherapy and radiotherapy, all with low efficiency due to GBM aggressiveness and characteristics. Therefore, patient survival after conventional treatments is about one year. Inflammation is one of the main characteristics that plays a decisive role in tumour development, including in GBM. The relationships between inflammatory mediators and cancer have been the subject of research in recent years. Several studies point to the eicosanoid pathways as modulators of pathological processes between inflammation and cancer. Eicosanoids are bioactive lipid mediators, involved in various physiological and pathological processes, especially those associated with the inflammatory response. The major eicosanoid pathways (cyclooxygenases, lipoxygenases, and cytochrome P450) as well as their products, are frequently altered in several tumours, associated with tumour growth and progression. However, the profile of these pathways is poorly understood in GBM. The objective of this study was to analyse, in vitro, the profile and role of eicosanoid pathways and their products (eicosanoids or not) in GBM cell lines (U251-MG, U87-MG, A172, T98G and U138-MG), modulating the key enzymes with inhibitors, analysing proliferation, migration and cell death. Our results show, in all analysed cell lines, a heterogeneous profile for the key enzymes and receptors of the three pathways. The lipid profile shows the production of 13-HODE, a product of 15-lipoxygenase-1, as well the absence of leukotrienes and 5-HETE of the 5-lipoxygenase axis. The pharmacological inhibitors for 15-LOX and 12-LOX / 15-LOX led to changes in cell cycle, reduced growth, reduced migration of U251-MG, U87-MG and A172 cell lines. The same was seen with the inhibition of mPGES-1. Inhibition of 5-LOX, on the other hand, did not affect any of these parameters in the same cell lines. All results, therefore, point to an important role of 15-LOX and COX pathways in the growth and migration of human GBM cells. Keyword: Cancer. Glioblastoma. GBM. Cyclooxygenase. Lipoxygenases. CYP450. 15-LOX1. 13-HODE. Eicosanoids.

Eicosanoides como novos alvos terapêuticos no tratamento de glioblastoma humano.