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Vidal PO. Molecular and morphological characterization of Aedes aegypti populations (Diptera: Culicidae) from State of São Paulo. [Ph. D. thesis (Parasitology)]. São Paulo: Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo; 2015. The mosquito Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti, is native from Eastern Africa, but has spread worldwide mainly due to human activities. The presence and dispersion of this mosquito are considered to be a public health problem because of its vectorial competence for dengue, yellow fever, chikungunya and Zika viruses. The State of São Paulo, Brazil, displays one of the highest rates of dengue infection in the world, with approximately 500,000 autochthonous cases being reported in the first semester of 2015. The main way to control dengue viruses is reducing Ae. aegypti populations, because neither effective vaccines nor antiviral drugs are available. Despite the high incidence of dengue in the São Paulo State, few populational studies have been undertaken. The aim of this study was to genetically and morphologically characterize Ae. aegypti populations from six locations in the São Paulo State: Santos (SAN), São Paulo (SPA), Campinas (CAM), São Carlos (SCA), Catanduva (CAT) e São José do Rio Preto (SRP). Since these municipalities are connected by major highways, we hypothesized that they could facilitate spread of the mosquito in the State. Samples were collected during the years 2011 and 2012. The linear distances between them range from 54.9 to 468.4 km. The mosquitoes were analyzed based on eight microsatellite loci, sequences of the mitochondrial DNA cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) and Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dehydrogenase subunit 4 (ND4) genes and and wing geometric morphometrics. The phenetic and genetic analyses revealed that populations of Ae. aegypti are structured. All microsatellites loci were polymorphic and genetic differentiation among samples was moderate and statistically significant (Fst= 0.04; p < 0.05). Nucleotide diversities of COI (π = 0.0062) and ND4 gene (π = 0.017) were moderately high. Two groups genetically distinct were found in the State of São Paulo (k= 9.70; nucleotide divergence= 0.019; Fst= 0.80). No correlation between geographic and genetic or morphological distances was detected. The SAN population was the most distinct and polymorphic, furthermore, we verified that genetic polymorphism decreases away from the SAN population, which is consistent with the fact that SAN contains a seaport that could act as a point of entry for the mosquito Ae. aegypti come from all over the world. Over the months comprised by study, we found the temporal genetics and morphologic differences among the six populations, a possibly indicative of microevolution of mosquitoes. The results of this study may be useful for understand the spread of this vector mosquitoes in the State of São Paulo.

Caracterização molecular e morfológica de populações de <i>Aedes aegypti</i> (Diptera:Culicidae) no estado de São Paulo.