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PINTO, J. M. Evaluation of innate immune parameters and intestinal morphology of fed ascorbic acid and flavonoids rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum 1792), after exogenous glucocorticoids application. 2014. 97 p. Ph. D. thesis (Science) – Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, 2014. The intensive fish culture has several factors that lead to stress, from the handling involved in farming methods to water quality parameters alterations. Teleosts subjected to stress show rapid increase in circulating glucocorticoids levels, this triggers a metabolic reorganization, often resulting in the animal immunosuppression. Therefore, the stress let animals susceptible to potential pathogens and disease emergence. In fish culture, the antibiotics are commonly used to control bacterial diseases, but their indiscriminate use can lead to selection of resistant pathogenic strains, creating a cycle of disease that affects the fish farming productivity. A viable alternative is to work on prevention, through the use of additives with immunostimulant action. Flavonoids and ascorbic acid (AA) are known for their antiinflammatory, antioxidant and anti-stress activity; also these were reported to act synergistically in these processes, and intestinal absorption. For this reason, the present study aimed to evaluate the influence of a dietary additive containing flavonoids and AA in growth performance, gut morphology and innate immunity parameters in rainbow trouts in ideal conditions and after an exogenous glucocorticoid application (dexamethasone). For assessing these parameters, two different experiments were performed: the first one with two groups control (GC) and the additive (GA), for ninety days, and the second one with four groups, control (GC), additive (GA), dexamethasone (GD) and additive + dexamethasone (GAD) lasting thirty ninety days. In the first experiment, the additive increased epithelial height at the initial intestine, in addition to decreased mucus cell density of the pyloric caeca, and the increase in the initial intestine. In the second experiment, the exogenous glucocorticoid caused animal weight loss, and the additive did compensate this effect. In the intestine, the additive (GA) decreased epithelial height in pyloric caeca and initial intestine, mucus cell density was not affected. The exogenous glucocorticoid caused epithelial height decrease in all intestinal portions compared to groups that did not receive the application. The additive was differential and to compensate intestinal disorders. The mucus cells density increased in GAD pyloric caeca and GD initial intestine. The analysis of the differential leukocyte counts showed that GAD had an increase in the number of neutrophil. After intraperitoneal application of glycogen oyster, GAD had an increase in the number of monocytes and neutrophil, and showed no decrease in the number of lymphocytes, like other groups, maintaining similar values of the animals that did not received glycogen oyster application. The results indicate that the use of ascorbic acid and flavonoids has advantages in stress situations.

Avaliação de parâmetros imunológicos inatos e morfologia intestinal de trutas arco-íris (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum, 1792), alimentadas com ácido ascórbico e flavonoides após aplicação de glicocorticoide exógeno.