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Considered as a first and second pharyngeal arch disease (FaSPAD), the Auriculocondylar Syndrome (ACS) presents with micrognathia, a typical ear malformation called question mark ear (QME), and mandibular condyle hypoplasia as main features. Intra and inter-familial clinical variability as well as genetic heterogeneity are observed in ACS. The disease segregates in both autosomal dominant and recessive manner. Pathogenic variants have been identified in GNAI3, PLCB4, and EDN1 in the majority of the investigated cases. Furthermore, non-published studies of our group indicate a fourth locus associated with ACS. In the present study, our aim was to identify the causative variants of ACS in previously and not reported cases and also to investigate the clinical heterogeneity of ACS. We identified pathogenic variants in PLCB4 and GNAI3 in 5 out of 6 ACS cases. In the remaining case (1∕6), we narrow down the fourth candidate region to contain causative variant of ACS. Additional studies are being conducted to identify it. We also hypothesized that all GNAI3 variants, herein and previously described, interfere with the GDP∕GTP binding, acting through a dominant negative mechanism. Furthermore, we found additional clinical findings in patients with ACS and PLCB4 variants.

Identificação de novas variantes causativas e investigação da heterogeneidade clínica da Síndrome aurículo-condilar