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RIBEIRO, RS. Biomechanical analysis of Mae geri frontal kick: kinematics, kinetics and mechanical energy transfer between segments, 2018. 74 f. Tese (Doutorado em Ciências) – Escola de Educação Física e Esporte, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, 2018. Introduction: In karate the Mae geri front kick is considered a simple execution technique, however very efficient and widely used in competitions. The karate’s fundamentals describe that the best kick performance will be achieved when the strengths of all parts of the body are used simultaneously, from the body’s center to outside, which seems to be supported by the biomechanical principle of partial impulse coordination. In order for the kick to be efficient and reach maximum speed, the mechanical energy transfer between segments must occur in such a way that the segments involved in the stroke move within a sequence in the proximal-distal direction. Purpose: The present study has as general purpose to evaluate kinematic and kinetic parameters of the Mae geri to understand the dynamics of the stroke made by karate practitioners of different levels of training. Method: Twelve karate practitioners of black belt group (12,75 ± 8,91 years of practice) and seven karate practitioners of white belt group (1,18 ± 0,88 years of practice) performed the Mae geri. With the kinematics data of the segments (pelvis, thigh, leg and foot) of the lower attack member and the ground reaction force were calculated the linear velocities, angular velocities, the moments of force, the powers and the mechanical energy transfer between segments. Results: At black belt group the linear velocity magnitudes of segments were significantly higher than in the white belt group, resulting in a shorter total stroke duration in the black belt group. The Mae geri of the black belt group is characterized at the beginning of the stroke by a transfer of mechanical energy from the distal segments to the proximal segments of all joints analyzed (hip, knee and ankle), with higher magnitude of mechanical energy being transferred from the foot to the leg, still with the foot on the ground. After removing the attack foot on the ground, the mechanical energy transfer from the thigh to pelvis presents an increase of magnitude. At the last third of the stroke, there is a mechanical energy transfer from the leg to the thigh at the knee joint and from the leg to the foot at the ankle joint. The white belt group has a different behavior of mechanical energy transfer between the segments compared to the black belt group, specially at the last third of the stroke. Besides that, magnitudes of power generation by the muscles to the segments, power absorption by the muscles from the segments and mechanical energy transfer between segments were significantly higher in the black belt group. Conclusion: The results suggest that the transfer of mechanical energy between segments allows black belt karate practitioners perform the Mae geri according to the biomechanical principles of the coordination of partial impulses, respecting a sequence of movements in the proximal-distal direction. The training level of the karate practitioners implies in differences in the behavior of the velocities of the segments and in the mechanical energy transfer between segments, which influences the efficiency and the performance of the stroke.

Análise biomecânica do chute frontal Mae geri: cinemática, cinética e transferência de energia entre os segmentos