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This thesis proposes a new solution to the problem of load formation and distribution of new vehicles in Brazil. The problem consists in selecting among all vehicles parked at a transportation company staging area the best combination of units to be loaded on available auto-carrier trucks and delivered to its respective dealers, over a multipleday planning horizon. The group of vehicles selected to each auto-carrier has to be physically possible to load. Thus, several group formation constraints have to be respected. Transportation company does not own the fleet. It pays a per trip freight to auto-carrier owners, responsible for transporting vehicles to dealers. There exists a minimum freight cost to be paid to auto-carrier owners, which is calculated to each trip, according to its load formation. Sometimes, the minimum freight is greater than the sum of each loaded vehicle freight individually taken. The object is to minimize the transportation company total freight cost. Described problem belongs to the NP-hard class. An algorithm capable of solving small instances of the problem was developed using mixed integer linear programming (MILP). The execution of multiple tests, with instances of larger sizes, indicated that it is not possible to obtain optimal solutions considering the mathematical model, either using personal computers or high capacity clusters. However, the optimal results obtained for four small and real instances were used as evaluation parameter for the proposed heuristic solution. The multi-start local search heuristic developed was able to find the optimal solution for all four small instances solved using the MILP. Besides that, it was able to reduce the total number of late deliveries in comparison with the results obtained by the mathematical model and by the manual allocation done at the transportation company. Finally, the multi-start heuristic was used to solve larger size problems, compatible with those encountered in real life, obtaining smaller freight value than those obtained by the manual allocation made at the transportation company, also drastically reducing the number of late deliveries with acceptable processing time for practical applications.

O problema da formação de carga e distribuição de veículos zero-quilômetro.