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High Chromium Cast Irons (HCCI's), because of their excellent tribological properties, have been widely used for specific applications involving high wear rates by abrasion, especially in the mining sector. However, the demand for materials with higher wear resistance is continuously growing and thus further research is needed in this area. For that reason, the current work purposes to assess the use of niobium to further increase the wear resistance of HCCI's. On the other hand, when HCCI is used for manufacturing components with irregular geometries (e.g. pump impellers), the components thin and thick regions can contain different levels of structure refinement due to variation in their cooling rates. In this work, the effect of structure refinement and the interaction between structure refinement and niobium addition on the abrasion resistance of HCCI's were evaluated. For that purpose, four systematic main studies were developed: in the first study, blocks of HCCI were manufactured varying the structure refinement and it was shown that large increases in the degree of structure refinement result in higher wear mass losses by abrasion. In less refined microstructures, the larger M7C3 chromium carbides are less susceptible to microcracking and can occasionally act as a barrier to abrasive particles. In the second series of experiments, the interaction between structure refinement and niobium addition in low concentrations (1 %) was evaluated; showing that for more refined microstructures, niobium additions reduce the mass losses by abrasion up to 50 %. In the third series of experiments, the interaction between niobium and molybdenum additions was evaluated. Compared to molybdenum-free alloy, simultaneous additions of niobium and molybdenum resulted in a more refined microstructure, higher hardness of the matrix and harder niobium carbides (NbC). For Low Stress Sliding Abrasion (LSSA) wear configuration, where wear was more pronounced in the matrix, simultaneous addition of niobium and molybdenum resulted in increase of abrasion resistance in the studied HCCI. In the last stage of this work, 3 % of niobium were added in an HCCI alloy with hypereutectic initial chemical composition (25%Cr/3%C), which presents primary large sized chromium carbides that induce a brittle behavior of the HCCI when subjected to wear. However, the niobium addition resulted in a more refined v microstructure (eutectic) HCCI containing compact-shaped NbC carbides, and consequently in more resistance to abrasive wear.

Efeito do refinamento da microestrutura e da adição de nióbio na resistência ao desgaste abrasivo de ferros fundidos de alto cromo.