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The purpose of this study was to determine trends in dental caries prevalence and severity in children 5-59-months-old living in Diadema Brazil. In June 2004 an epidemiological oral health survey was carried out and socio-economic status assessed. The prevalence and severity results of this study were compared to other four cross-sectional studies carried out with the same methods and criteria in Diadema in 1995, 1997, 1999 and 2002. In all the surveys, participants were selected from all children attending a National Day of Children's Vaccination. Calibrated dentists carried out the clinical examination and parents completed a questionnaire about their socio-economic status. Caries trends were assessed by time-lag, cross-sectional and quasi-longitudinal analysis based on Knutson and dmfs indexes. Time-lag analysis showed a marked and statistically significant decline in the prevalence and severity caries between 1995 and 2004. Quasi-longitudinal analysis showed a significant increase in both prevalence and severity between 1995 and 2004 studies for children from the same birth cohort. A significant association was found between socio-economic status, as measured by the salary income, educational level and work schedule of the father and mother, and the caries prevalence and severity for 5-59-months-old children in Diadema. The new generation of children in Diadema is having a better oral health

Tendência da experiência de cárie dentária em crianças de 5 a 59 meses de idade do município de Diadema (SP) entre os anos de 1995 e 2004.