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NÓBREGA, J. D. Skimming flow over stepped spillways with non-converging and converging sidewalls using Smoothed Particles Hydrodynamics Method. 2018. 288 p. PhD Thesis (Sanitation and Hydraulic Engineering and Civil Engineering) – São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, São Carlos; Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, 2018. A numerical study using the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics method (SPH) was developed for smooth and stepped spillways (for skimming flow regime), with converging and non-converging sidewalls, using the software DualSPHysics. In numerous situations, it is convenient to built spillways with longer width at the crest and narrower width at the downstream end of the spillway, depending on the site constrains. The gradual narrowing of the spillway width is usually made through converging sidewalls, which induce the formation of shockwaves, leading to higher flow depths along the sidewalls. Few studies in the literature were carried out in this research topic to date, justifying the numerical study developed in this project. The numerical model was based on a physical model assembled at the Hydraulic and Water Resources Laboratory of the Instituto Superior Técnico, Portugal, using experimental data obtained in previous studies. The experimental setup was composed by a spillway with slope of 26.6o, and angles of converging sidewalls of 0o, 9.9o, and 19.3o in relation to the vertical plane. Two-dimensional or three-dimensional simulations were carried out according to the condition of constant width or converging walls. The results were compared with experimental data, related to the flow depths at the centerline and sidewall of the spillway, the velocity profiles on the non-aerated region, and the lateral standing wave width. Regarding the threedimensional simulations, contours of the flow depth were also represented, to visualize the extent and height of the sidewall shockwaves, according to the smoothed or stepped face. In general, a good agreement was obtained between numerical and experimental results, which confirms the ability of the SHP method to simulate the skimming flow over stepped spillways, or the flow on more conventional, smooth spillway chutes.

Escoamento deslizante sobre turbilhões em descarregadores em degraus de largura constante e convergentes, usando o método Hidrodinâmica Suavizada de Partículas