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VILLAMARÍN-MUÑOZ, J. A. Multiparametric Characterization by Ultrasound of Alcoholic Fermentation Process by Hybrid System of Signal Processing. 2012. 124p. Thesis (Ph.D.) Department of Electrical Engineering, São Carlos School of Engineering, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, 2012. Monitoring of alcoholic fermentation process for the ethanol production is a topic of great interest because it can be used as a sustainable energy source in the industry. The monitoring process conventionally used in industry are expensive, based on supervised measurements of density and parameter estimates by chemical offline procedures. The use of noninvasive monitoring techniques based on ultrasound are being developed for this purpose, using estimates of classical parameters as the acoustic propagation velocity and attenuation. However, the time evolution of the fermentation process is not well described by these parameters. For this reason, this study proposes a hybrid system of ultrasound signal processing that uses a conglomerate of parameters aiming a more efficient characterization about the fermentation process. The system incorporates computational procedures for the detection, characterization and classification of the fermentation must phases, seen as a solid-liquid suspension (dispersed and continuous phases). These procedures were based on estimates of stationarity for ultrasound backscattered signals (non-parametric statistical test Run Test), curve fitting on the spectral bandwidth, as well as spectral attributes extraction such as center frequency, bandwidth and energy values of the fundamental frequency and so on, plus ultrasonic parameters as the attenuation coefficient (slope) and the integrated back-scattering coefficient (IBC). For classification we used the k-means algorithm. The results showed the feasibility for the multiparametric noninvasive characterization of fluid in fermentation, identifying the main stages of the fermentation process. This work contributes with an alternative methodology to evaluate the kinetics of microbial growth as an indicator of the alcoholic fermentation evolution .

Caracterização multiparamétrica por ultra-som do processo de fermentação alcoólica mediante sistema híbrido de processamento de sinais