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Practical considerations for genotype imputation and multi-trait multi-environment genomic prediction in a tropical maize breeding program The availability of molecular markers covering the entire genome, such as single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers, allied to the computational resources for processing large amounts of data, enabled the development of an approach for marker assisted selection for quantitative traits, known as genomic selection. In the last decade, genomic selection has been successfully implemented in a wide variety of animal and plant species, showing its benefits over traditional marker assisted selection and selection based only on pedigree information. However, some practical challenges may still limit the wide implementation of this method in a plant breeding program. For example, we cite the cost of high-density genotyping of a large number of individuals and the application of more complex models that take into account multiple traits and environments. Thus, this study aimed to i) investigate SNP calling and imputation strategies that allow cost-effective high-density genotyping, as well as ii) evaluating the application of multivariate genomic selection models to data from multiple traits and environments. This work was divided into two chapters. In the first chapter, we compared the accuracy of four imputation methods: NPUTE, Beagle, KNNI and FILLIN, using genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) data from 1060 maize inbred lines, which were genotyped using different depths of coverage. In addition, two SNP calling and imputation strategies were evaluated. Our results indicated that combining SNP-calling and imputation strategies can enhance cost-effective genotyping, resulting in higher imputation accuracies. In the second chapter, multivariate genomic selection models, for multiple traits and environments, were compared with their univariate versions. We used data from 415 hybrids evaluated in the second season in four years (2006-2009) for grain yield, number of ears and grain moisture. Hybrid genotypes were inferred in silico based on their parental inbred lines using SNP markers obtained via GBS. However, genotypic information was available only for 257 hybrids, motivating the use of the H matrix, which combines genetic information based on pedigree and molecular markers. Our results demonstrated that the use of multi-trait multi-environment models can improve predictive abilities, especially to predict the performance of hybrids that have not yet been evaluated in any environment.