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Corn plant population: a strategy to manage spatial and temporal field variability Plant population per unit area is one of the most important aspects under the farmer’s control that can influence maize grain yield. As the availability of resources for the growth of plants (like water availability and soil attributes) are not uniform along the fields, and considering the unfeasibility to change the environment setting, plant population per area is a key aspect under the farmer’s control to optimize the use of these resources. This study aims to carry a comprehensive study of the strategy of variable rate seeding (VRS) within zones of distinct resource availability (management zones MZ). A seasonal experimental design was set consisting in selecting ten different hybrids and five ranks of plant populations starting with a local recommended seeding rate and offsetting it in 40% and 20% below and above this reference. Five field experiments were conducted in commercial fields from 2012 to 2015 in two regions with distinct growing seasons in Brazil. In the Midwest region (Maracaju – MS) where corn is grown as a secondary crop following soybean within one season, and in the Southern region (Piraí do Sul – PR) where corn is grown as primary crop during the summer season; both under rain fed and no-tillage system. This research was split into two main stages: (1) definition of management zones (MZ) within agricultural fields and (2) implementation of strip tests varying hybrids and plant populations across MZ. The attributes used to delineate MZ were soil electrical conductivity (EC), yield maps (YM) and elevation. Two methods were analyzed to delineate MZ: cluster K-means and standardized average. MZ were analyzed by descriptive statistics. On the experimental data gathered from each seasonexperiment, yield of the hybrids, plant density and MZ were submitted to analysis of variance by F-test, ANOVA and regression analysis. MZ were able to differentiate levels of yield, and soil properties (EC, pH, Effective CTC, clay, sand, V%, MO, and K), suggesting that the procedures to define MZ used in this study were efficient. The standardized average provides greater internal homogeneity of MZ compared with the Cluster K-means. The quality of regular spacing between plants (indicator of seed rate quality) was 90% to 81% at all locations. The analyses of variance were significant (P < 0.05) for triple interaction between hybrids, plant population, and for the MZ at the Midwest region. For fields studied in the South the tests were not significant. The optimal plant population at the Midwest region can vary by up to 5743 pl ha -1 across MZ within the same field. Lower yield averages have a narrow optimal plant population interval. However, there is no simple recommendation regarding the optimal plant population across MZ.

População variada de híbridos de milho: uma estratégia de gestão das variabilidades espacial e temporal das lavouras