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Comparative QTL mapping between sweet sorghum and sugarcane for bioenergy traits Sweet sorghum and sugarcane are two important grasses for bioenergy purposes. However, despite their known evolutionary relationship, the genomes of these species differ in complexity and size. Sorghum bicolor is a diploid species, with basic chromosome number of ten and ∼726 Mb completely sequenced, whereas Saccharum × officinarum has a autopolyploid genome with frequent aneuploidy and monoploid size estimated at ∼1 Gb. Therefore, genetic studies and breeding in sugarcane is challenging. In this context, the possibility of integrating mapping studies between sorghum and sugarcane becomes feasible given the recent development of appropriate methodologies. In this work, we aimed to map and compare QTLs for bioenergy traits in both species. To do this, two mapping populations were used. The population of sorghum consisted of 223 RILs genotyped by more than one hundred thousand GBS-based markers, which were physically mapped against the species genome. The population of sugarcane is an F1 segregating progeny with 153 individuals genotyped by 500 gel-based (SSR and TRAP) and 7,049 GBS-based single-dose markers. These markers allowed the construction of an informative and dense genetic map with 993 markers belonging to 223 linkage groups and spanning 3,682.05 cM. Both populations were evaluated for four bioenergy traits: stalk height, prodution in tons per hectare, and percentages of pol and fiber. Mixed models were used to analyze phenotypic data and showed genotype-by-environment interaction on their genetic variance-covariance structures. Joint and marginal adjusted means were used for QTL discovery. Toward this end, univariate and multivariate multiple interval mapping models were used, and a total of 53 and 36 QTLs were found for sorghum and sugarcane, respectively. Comparison of the genomes were based on GBS markers in sugarcane with relative sorghum chromosome information. A total of 16 syntenic regions were identified between the species, allowing inferences in relation to evolutionary conserved control of the related traits. In addition, eight regions were also identified by considering single marker analyses. The discovery of QTLs underlying such bioenergy traits may suggest further applications in gene cloning and marker assisted selection for both sweet sorghum and sugarcane species.

Mapeamento comparativo de QTLs entre sorgo sacarino e cana-de-açúcar para caracteres bioenergéticos