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Evaluation of types of resistance of grasses to the spittlebug Mahanarva fimbriolata (Stål, 1854) (Hemiptera: Cercopidae) The goals of this work were to screen grasses with potential of resistance to Mahanarva fimbriolata and to identify the types of such resistance by assessing biological parameters of the insect and performing tolerance bioassays. The effects of a possible interaction between the most promising grasses and the fungus Metarhizium anisopliae (Metsch.) Sorokin on the spittlebug was also evaluated. Nochoice bioassays were performed using insects from a stock culture. The insect’s biology was studied in laboratory on 12 genotypes of grasses and the following parameters were assessed: mortality and duration of the immature (nymph) stage, weight and adult longevity, pre-oviposition period and number of eggs/female, and viability and duration of the embryonic period. The tolerance bioassay was performed with three genotypes of grasses in a greenhouse. We used two densities of spittlebugs (two and four couples), assessing the damage (based on a rating scale) at days 3 and 7 after insects were released; and also the growth and resprout of grasses on day 14 after the insects were eliminated. To evaluate the interaction of resistant plants with the fungus M. anisopliae they were used four genotypes of grasses as food substrate for the spittlebugs in greenhouse. For each genotype was made one fungus spraying on third instar nymphs, using another group of nonsprayed nymphs as control. The nymphal mortality was assessed until day 15 after spraying. It was concluded that: a) mortality of M. fimbriolata nymphs reared on Panicum maximum cv. Paredão is roughly complete and such material can be characterized as resistant by antibiosis; b) Andropogon gayanus, Panicum maximum cv. Aruana and Panicum maximum cv. Aries showed, in a higher degree, antibiosis and/or feeding antixenosis to M. fimbriolata, once development, adult stage and/or reproduction of the spittlebugs were affected; c) the cluster analysis based on the biological data of M. fimbriolata reared on 12 genotypes showed three distinct groups: one composed by P. maximum cv. Aries, Setaria sphacelata cv. Kazungula, Brachiaria humidicola, A. gayanus and P. maximum cv. Aruana, which includes the genotypes resistant to the spittlebug; another formed by Brachiaria decumbens cv. Basilisk, Brachiaria dictyoneura, Brachiaria brizanthacv. MG 4 and Brachiaria ruziziensi, with genotypes considered moderately resistant; and a third group with susceptible genotypes composed by Brachiaria brizantha MG 5 and Brachiaria brizantha ecotype BB185; d) P. maximum cv. Paredão and B. brizantha cv. Marandu showed resistance by tolerance once, under the same level of infestation, they are less damaged and recover faster after disinfestation when compared with B. brizantha ecotypo BB185; e) the application of the fungus M. anisopliae increased the immature mortality, nevertheless such increase depended on the genotype on which the insects were reared.

Avaliação de tipos de resistência de gramíneas forrageiras à cigarrinha das-raízes Mahanarva fimbriolata (Stål, 1854) (Hemiptera: Cercopidae)