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Induced resistance in bean plants (Phaseolus vulgaris) by acibenzolar-S-methyl against Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli: biochemical and production parameters The common bacterial blight disease of bean caused by the bacterium Xanthomonnas axonopodis pv. phaseoli, occurs mainly in hot and humid regions of the globe. The induced resistance consists in the increase of the plant resistance by the use of external agents, without any change in its genome. The objectives of this study were: (i) to verify the induction of resistance in bean plants by using the abiotic inducer acibenzolar-S-methyl (ASM) against Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli in greenhouse and field conditions, (ii) to evaluate the biochemical parameters (carbohydrates, proteins, phenols, chlorophyll and peroxidase activity) and physiological (water potential) in the interactions between bean plants treated with the inducer against X. axonopodis pv. phaseoli; (iii) to evaluate the costs of the induction of resistance by on the basis of biochemical, physiological and production parameters. Thus, to achieve this purpose, two experiments were carried out. The treatments were arranged as follows: Treatment A Control water; Treatment B ASM Control; Treatment C Water and inoculation 7 days after emergency (dae) of the seedlings (experiment 1) and 21 dae (Experiment 2); Treatment D Induced with ASM and challenged with the pathogen 7 dae (experiment 1) and 21 dae (experiment 2). The treatments with ASM were made for experiment 1, at 0, 7, 14 and 28 dae, the inoculation was done 7 dae and four samples were collected at 0, 7, 21 and 35 dae. However, for the experiment 2, the treatments with ASM were made at 0, 7, 14, 28 and 42 days after seedling emergence, the inoculation was performed 21 dae and five samples were collected 0, 7, 21, 35 and 49 dae. Statistical differences were observed between treatments, among harvest dates, as well as the interaction of treatments with different harvests, depending on the parameter observed. In general, plants treated with ASM when compared to plants control, as well as plants pretreated with ASM and challenged with the bacteria when compared to plants sprayed with water and inoculated with the pathogen, showed: a) the amount of chlorophyll was close; b) increased levels of phenolics, proteins and peroxidase; c) decreased values of carbohydrate. Plants that showed the more negative water potential were plants sprayed with water and inoculated with the pathogen, followed by plants induced with ASM and challenged with the pathogen. The same pattern occurred with productivity, plants sprayed with water and inoculated with the pathogen exhibited the higgest reduction in dry weight, number of pods per plant and 100 grain weight, followed by plants induced with ASM and challenged with the pathogen, ASM and water, respectively. In all treatments, the number of grains per pods did not change. Finally, there was induction of resistance in plants by ASM application since the disease severity decreased.

Indução de resistência em feijoeiro (Phaseolus vulgaris) por acibenzolar-S-metil contra Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli: parâmetros bioquímicos e da produção