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Interaction between the cultures of soy and corn with Urochloa P.Beauv. genus cultivar in association, and the interference of weeds in the systems The integrated crop-livestock system is gaining importance in the way of national agriculture due to the benefits reaped between pasture and crop farming and vice-versa apart from being an alternative for recovering degraded areas. Seeking to assess the interaction between soy and corn crops alongside cultivations of Urochloa spp. (U. brizantha cv. Marandu, U. brizantha cv. Piatã and U. decumbens cv. Basilisk) in association, and considering the interference of weeds in these systems, experiments were carried out in greenhouses to assess the emergence of seedlings of Urochloa spp. cultures at different sowing depths (0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 cm) as well as the interaction of soy and corn cultures along with Urochloa spp. cultures. with differing ratios of plants for each species in association (0%:100%; 25%:75%; 50%:50%; 75%:25%; 100%:0%) using an equal density of plants (substitutive series). Furthermore, additional experiments were carried out in the field to assess the interaction between soy and corn crops with Urochloa spp. cultures as well as assessing the interference of weeds in those systems through the presence or absence of control of weeds by weeding. The experiments were conducted in an area belonging to the University of São Paulo, Department of Vegetable Production ESALQ/USP, Piracicaba – SP. The emergence of forage grass seedlings was delayed seeking to establish a competitive advantage for the grain crops over Urochloa spp. cultures and it was observed that U. brizantha cv. Marandu and cv. Piatã can be sowed at a depth of 0 cm without harming either height or dry matter production. In the case of U. decumbens cv. Basilisk, sowing at a depth of 3 cm optimizes dry matter production as well as plant height, without any benefits from delayed emergence. Concerning the interaction between the associated species it was observed that there is interactive competition in the soy and corn cultures in association with the Urochloa spp. culture (except in the ratio of 25:75 of the soy association with U. decumbens cv. Basilisk) where there was compensation or rather, the gain in dry matter relative to soy and corn compensated the losses noted in the dry matter in relation to the Urochloa spp. culture. Therefore the soy and corn cultures are seen to be more competitive than Urochloa spp. cultures (soy presents competitiveness similar to U. brizantha cv. Marandu to the same degree). In the field, it was verified that the soy and corn association with Urochloa spp. cultures didn't affect production components of neither height nor productivity of the soy and corn crops nor even reduce the community of weeds but did interfere in the density and in the dry matter per plant and per area of Urochloa spp. culture. In a similar way the un-weeded areas influenced the cultivation systems due to the similarity in weed communities and low infestations in weeded areas. The soy and corn association with U. brizantha cv. Marandu, U. brizantha cv. Piatã and U. decumbens cv. Basilisk require weed control for better use of the cultivation area.

Interação entre as culturas de soja e milho com cultivares do gênero Urochloa P.Beauv. em consórcio e interferência de plantas daninhas nos sistemas