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Potentiality of environmental impact for nitrate, N rates and water table fluctuation for crop corn under drainage system The nitrogen is the nutrient mostly absorbed by corn, being largest cost and which best responds to grain productivity. The urea is mostly used the fertilizer in Brazilian agriculture and inadequate nitrogen management practices can bring serious pollution problems to the environment. The objectives of the present work were: (a) to verify the pollution potentiality for nitrate in low land cultivated with corn with different nitrogen rates, in the urea form; (b) to quantify the effect of the water table fluctuation and nitrogen rates in the relative productivity of the corn crop; and (c) to verify the nitrogen effect on plant components and corn yield. The field experiment was carried out at Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", University of São Paulo, in São Paulo state, Brazil. The drainage system consisted of 15 underground drains of 45 m, 10 m spaced. The experimental design consisted of complete randomized blocks with five treatments (0; 50; 100; 150 and 200 kg ha N) and three replications. Each plot had an underground drain and an observation well. Drainage nitrate concentration was accomplished, phenological evaluation, nitrogen concentration in the corn leaves, corn yield and its components, were done. The registered rainfall in the period was 562 mm. It was concluded that the application of nitrogen did not affect water quality in drain discharges in relation to nitrate; the stress index (SEW30) responded in a growing linear way for the relative grain corn productivities, showing that water table fluctuations due to rainfall, during the crop cycle, contributed to increase corn productivity; nitrogen application in growing rates lead to a linear and positive increase of nitrogen content in leaf and grain; a quadratic response to growing nitrogen rates was found in relation to plant height and corn cob insertion; grain yield (13% moisture); straw dry mass; dry mass of husk; number of grains per corn cob and number of grains per row.

Potencialidade de impacto ambiental por nitrato, doses de N e flutuações do lençol freático para a cultura do milho sob sistema de drenagem