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BLANK, M. H. Conservation of the endangered curassows through interespecific germ cell trasnplantation [Conservação de germoplasma de cracídeos ameaçados por meio de transplantes interespecíficos de células germinativas]. 2020. 142 p. Tese (Doutorado em Ciências) Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, 2020. In the field of conservation biology, the ability to freeze and revive rare and threatened species is critical for the preservation of genetic diversity. In this regard, an innovative approach is to use sterile or partially sterile host animals for germ cell transplantation. This technology has been used previously in mammals, but is of particular importance for birds whose cryopreservation of sperm, oocytes and embryos are inefficient due to their high susceptibility to freezing and large amount of yolk. However, the efficient recovery of donor genotype and germline transmission to host animals are areas that still need to be further addressed. Thus, our research group has been developing a simple, inexpensive and safe method to suppress endogenous spermatogenesis in newly hatched chicks by using fractionated doses of busulfan. Our findings demonstrated through survival, body weight, feed intake, hematocrit test, testosterone measurement, semen analysis, testicular histology, immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry and molecular analysis that fractionated administration of busulfan (20 mg / kg or slightly higher) can be employed to suppress endogenous spermatogenesis in newly hatched chicks, and can be successfully applied in xenogeneic SSC transplantation in birds. Although progeny tests have not yet been performed, our data also indicate that following this chemotherapy regimen curassow germ cells were capable of withstanding processing and cryopreservation, and remained viable for up to 120 days after xenogeneic transplantation to chicken recipients.

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