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The histor y a nd signific a nc e o f the m otifs us e d in Yor uba gourd carving in N ig e ri a ha s thus fa r b ee n o f very littl e conc e rn to schol a rship on the a rt. The r e p e rtoir e o f the m otifs is very l a rg e a nd includ e s e ight c a t e gori e s : g e o me tric, t e xts, a nthropo m or phic, a nthropo-zoo m orphic, man-ma d e obj e ct, zoo m orphic, sk e umorphic a nd flor a l, the l a st thr ee o f which a r e pr efe rr e d for i m port a nt co mm issions a nd a r e o f p a rticul a r int e r e st to this work. P r em is e d on the socio - historic a l signific a nc e o f the m otifs, this a rt historic a l e x e rcis e e x am ines their e ntir e r a ng e , iconologic a l signific a nc e a nd histor y . The history o f the m otifs is sought in cont em por a r y pr a ctic e , the functions o f carved gourds, or a l tr a di tion and the art his t or y of Old Oyo, the kingdom fro m where the art originated in Yorub a l a nd. The p a p e r classify the d eve lop me nt o f the m otifs into thr ee chronologic a l p e riods o f pr e- 1836, post 1836 to 196O, a nd 196O to the 198Os. It obs e r ve s t ha t the zoo m orphic m otifs a llud e to the e cologic a l r ea lit y in Yor uba ho me l a nd. The a ni ma ls a r e a lso r e g a rd e d a s kings in their va rious t y pologic a l a nd zoog e ogr a phic a l cont e xts a nd a r e t he r e for e , with the cro w n a nd m a rk ha mi a to m entos a , s ym bolic o f kingship. Signific a ntl y , the m otifs a nd their d eve lop me nt a tt e st to the p a rticip a tion o f Yor uba a rt in the g e ner a l e duc a tion, str a tific a tion a nd politic a l m obiliz a tion o f the soci e t y . Normal 0 21 false false false PT-BR X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */  table.MsoNormalTable  {mso-style-name:"Tabela normal";  mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;  mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;  mso-style-noshow:yes;  mso-style-priority:99;  mso-style-parent:"";  mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;  mso-para-margin-top:0cm;  mso-para-margin-right:0cm;  mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt;  mso-para-margin-left:0cm;  line-height:115%;  mso-pagination:widow-orphan;  font-size:11.0pt;  font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";  mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;  mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;  mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;  mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;  mso-fareast-language:EN-US;}

Conceptual kings and the crown: ecology and royalty in Yoruba gourd carving