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S: Brazil has the 6th highest homicide rate in the world and there are many cases in which post-mortem human bones that were exposed to diverse taphonomic conditions are the only materials available for identification. Environmental factors and time can exert direct influence on bone tissue and its cells and on the DNA analysis feasibility for human identification. Objectives of this study were: evaluate bone microstructure, verify typical cells presence and correlate these findings with DNA amount and genetic markers amplification. Cortico-medullary fragments of femoral diaphysis were used from 20 skeletonized corpses found in 1998-2009 in Ribeirao Preto micro-region. For histopathological analysis, sections were stained with H & E, methenamine silver and Periodic Acid-Schiff, and immunostained with CD31 and CD34 markers. For DNA analysis, the fragments were sanded, pulverized and three extraction methodologies were used: silica columns, organic solvent and complete demineralization. Genetic markers were amplified by STR and miniSTR kits. Osteocytes were found in all cases ranging from 1 to 40; there was no expression of endothelial cell markers and fungus presence was observed in all cases. Variables correlated with higher DNA amounts and amplified alleles were: larger bone area, higher nuclei number and fungus quantity. Success in obtaining complete genetic profile from 50% of the samples was achieved through DNA extraction by demineralization method and mini-STR kit amplification. This study demonstrates the importance of extraction methods and removal of DNA bounded in the mineralized matrix, besides the use of primers that amplify small DNA fragments in bones skeletonized in tropical climate.

Estudo Histopatológico e Viabilidade de Análises do DNA em Ossadas Humanas Expostas a Condições Tafonômicas: aplicações na identificação forense