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VASCONCELOS, M. H. Development and economic analysis of 1G2G integrated biorefinery models using dilute acid pretreatment. 2017. 97 p. Dissertation (Master of Science) – Escola de Engenharia de Lorena, Universidade de São Paulo, Lorena, 2017. Ethanol is one of the most promising and environmentally friendly biofuels obtained from renewable energy sources. Aiming at meeting a growing demand for this fuel, the integral use of lignocellulosic materials is an interesting alternative and, in this way, research works have been performed to make viable biorefineries for integrated production of 1G and 2G ethanol. The present work had as main objective to develop and to analyze economically models of 1G2G integrated biorefineries using dilute acid pretreatment, evaluating the economic impact of using hemicellulose for ethanol production. Alternative scenarios were defined including all steps of the 1G and 2G ethanol production process. Two different solids contents were evaluated in the pre-treatment reactor (5% and 10%) and, for each case, three values of time and conversion for the enzymatic hydrolysis step were considered, namely 45%, 51% and 55% for reaction times of 24h, 48h and 72h, respectively. For each condition, the fermentation of pentose (C5) or its sending for effluents treatment was supposed, constituting, thus, 12 scenarios. Simulations of these scenarios were carried out using the software Aspen Plus®, generating mass and energy balance data, thus allowing carrying out economic viability analysis using the Virtual Sugarcane Biorefinery (VSB) platform. Production of 2G ethanol using dilute acid pretreatment was responsible for an increase in ethanol production of up to 35%. When the pretreatment reactor was operated with higher solids content, lower thermal energy consumption was necessary, requiring less bagasse in the boiler and thus increasing the final ethanol yield. Regarding to investment cost, it was of R$ 799.2 million for 1G biorefinery, compared to a value 40% higher observed for integrated 1G2G scenarios. Among the most significant areas of investment cost are the pretreatment and the generation and distribution of steam. With relation to the cost of ethanol production, scenarios that presented the lowest value for 2G ethanol corresponded to the use of 10% solids in the pre-treatment reactor associated to C5 fermentation. The most significant areas for this cost were the input and capital costs. However, the scenarios with 5% solids in the pre-treatment reactor without C5 fermentation resulted in a lower global ethanol production cost (1G2G), with sugarcane, chemical inputs and capital cost representing the most significant fraction. Based on the internal rate of return, this was lower than the minimum attractiveness rate of return for all scenarios, resulting in a negative net present value, allowing inferring that, under the evaluated conditions, the methodology used in the scenarios would be unviable from an investor viewpoint. However, the economic analysis helped to identify technological bottlenecks of the integrated 1G2G ethanol production process using dilute acid pretreatment, favoring the definition of operational goals to be solved in research works.

Desenvolvimento e análise econômica de modelos de biorrefinaria integrada 1G2G empregando pré-tratamento ácido diluído