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One of the biggest Brazil ́s challenges is the improvement of educational system. Although a huge progress has occurred concerning the access to school in the last two decades, the quality of education is yet far from ideal. To change this figure, various programs have been adopted by government. In this paper, we evaluate the program implemented in São Paulo state since 2008 that pay a bonus to teachers and other workers of schools that achieve the targets previously established by the government and the improvement in standardized tests is a important element of the system. Propensity Score Matching and Differences-in-Differences were used to measure the impact of program on the average scores of schools. We have analyzed the effects on Mathematics and Portuguese for the fourth and eighth grade of elementary school. Significant and positive results were found only in fourth grade. Palavras-Chave: Accountability, Bônus, Educação, Professores Classificação JEL: I28, I25 Área ANPEC: 11 Economia Social e Demografia Econômica 1 Mestranda em Economia Aplicada da Faculdade de Economia, Administração e Contabilidade de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (FEA-RP/USP). Email: claudiahiromi@usp.br 2 Professor do Departamento de Economia da Faculdade de Economia, Administração e Contabilidade de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (FEA-RP/USP). Email: scorza@usp.br 2 EFEITO DO PAGAMENTO DE BÔNUS AOS PROFESSORES SOBRE A PROFICIÊNCIA ESCOLAR

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