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MAGALHÃES, H. C. R. Hormone influence of Methyl Jasmonate on the biosynthesis of volatile compounds associated with maturation in tomato Grape (Solanum lycopersicum) and chilli pepper (Capsicum frutescens). 2017. 118p. Dissertação (Mestrado) – Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. Ripening is a complex process formed by metabolic changes that occur after fruit physiological maturity. Tomato is a climacteric fruit, used as a model to study the role of ethylene during ripening. Pepper is a non-climacteric fruit, belonging to the same family as the tomato, and because of this, may present similarities in the development of several attributes of quality during maturation, such as aroma. Most of volatile compounds in fruits derives from carbohydrates, lipids and amino acids, and lipoxygenases pathway is responsible for C6 volatiles production. Due to its importance in the fruit ripening regulation process, ethylene plays an important role in aroma production; however, other hormones, such as methyl jasmonate (MeJA), also play a significant role during fruit ripening. The present work aims to evaluate the roles of ethylene and MeJA hormones in the formation of aroma compounds in tomato Grape (Solanum lycopersicum) and chili pepper (Capsicum frutescens) during ripening. Fruits were treated with MeJA, Ethylene, 1MCP in MeJA+1MCP, followed by analysis of volatile compounds and levels of gene transcripts for the enzymes lipoxygenase (LOX), alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and hydroperoxide lyase (HPL), which participate of production of volatile compounds derived from the fatty acid pathway. The results showed that hormonal treatments caused changes in pepper and tomato aroma composition, but many of these results made evident the climacteric and non-climacteric nature of these fruits. Unlike what happened in pepper, it was possible to visualize an intimate relationship between MeJA and ethylene under the tomato aroma compounds, mainly in the formation of carotenoid-derived volatiles. In tomato, it was possible to observe that the expression of the fatty acid pathway gene transcripts, LOX, ADH and HPL, and carotenoid pathway, CCD1A and CCD1B, were reduced by 1MCP action, even when it was associated with MeJA. MeJA treatment increased C6 volatiles in pepper and tomato. Particularly in tomato, this elevation was associated with an increase in the LOXC and HPL expression, one day after the hormone treatment. When tomato became fully mature, there were not so many differences compared to the other treatments, except for the evident increase of the carotenoid-derived volatile compounds, beta-ionone and 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-ol. On the first day of treatment with MeJA in pepper, there was a clear increase in the levels of most esters, including the aliphatic chain hexils, which are derived from the C6 volatiles of the fatty acid pathway. In addition, 2-isobutyl-3-methoxypyrazine and 3-carene compounds also showed evident increase, the first two days after treatment with MeJA, the latter two being the compounds that provide the most characteristic aromatic note of pepper. When the peppers reach their complete maturation, there was an increase, under MeJA treatment, in the C6 volatiles (E)-2-hexen-1-ol, 3-hexen-1-ol and hexanal, which is one of the most important aroma compounds in peppers.

Influência hormonal de Metil Jasmonato na biossíntese de compostos voláteis associados ao amadurecimento em tomate <i>Grape (Solanum lycopersicum)</i> e pimenta malagueta <i> (Capsicum frutescens)</i>

Influência hormonal de Metil Jasmonato na biossíntese de compostos voláteis associados ao amadurecimento em tomate Grape (Solanum lycopersicum) e pimenta malagueta (Capsicum frutescens)