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Tobacco is one of the main drugs consumed worldwide and its use by women of reproductive age in particular has played a major concern among experts and society in general. Despite the adverse effects associated with smoking during pregnancy are well documented, it is known that a significant proportion of pregnant women have difficulties to quit the habit. Fetal exposure to tobacco constituents has been associated with increased risk of spontaneous abortion (miscarriage) and premature births, incidence of newborns with low birth weight, sudden infant death syndrome and neurobehavioral and cognitive disorders. However, due to guilt and fear of punitive actions, women rarely admit to have used tobacco during pregnancy. As a result, a series of biological markers have been studied to diagnose fetal exposure to tobacco constituents. Nicotine and cotinine are some of these biomarkers which can be detected in meconium samples from newborns. In this study, an analytical method was developed to detect these biomarkers in meconium samples. Accelerated solvent extraction (ASE), a promising technique for solid or semi-solid sample preparation, was considered in this work the that is considered a. The analytes were identified by gas-chromatography with nitrogen phosphorus detector (GC / NPD). The limits of detection (LOD) were 3 ng/g and 30 ng/g and the limits of quantification (LOQ) were 5 ng/g and 40 ng/g for cotinine and nicotine, respectively. The method showed good linearity in the concentration range studied (5-500 ng/g), with a coefficient of correlation (r) greater than 0.98. The intraday precision, determined by the coefficient of variation (CV %) was less than 15% and the interday precision was less or equal than 20% for nicotine and cotinine. The average recovery was 77%. The method proved to be fast, accurate, practical and sensitive and smaller volumes of organic solvents are necessary, compared to other methods published in the scientific literature. The developed and validated method was applied to meconium samples of suspected and nonsuspected neonates of having been exposed to tobacco constituents during gestation.

Avaliação da exposição fetal à nicotina através da análise toxicológica em mecônio