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Leishmaniasis is a zoonotic disease developed by protozoa of genus leishmania. There are two dominant forms including visceral and cutaneous manifestations in which treatments are limited because of price, toxicity and resistance. Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) promotes destructive and ulcerated lesions that might intensify to a more severe symptom that could lead to patient death. Alternative treatments have been studied to promote reduction of side effects, cost and higher efficacy for the hosts. Photodynamic therapy has been introduced once the technic is practical, less expensive and with no resistance described in literature. Additionally, several studies indicate that the administration of exogenous NO donors represents an interesting strategy against cutaneous leishmaniasis. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effects of photodynamic therapy on cutaneous leishmaniasis in BALB/c mice. Besides, the optimization of PDT was evaluated through its association with encapsulated NO donors (S-nitroso-MSA) in chitosan nanoparticles (CSNPs) on CL in BALB/c mice using real time bioluminescence. In addition, we monitored lesion size progression and hyperalgesia. Promastigotes of L. (L) amazonensis transgenic line expressing luciferase were used. BALB/c mice were infected in the left footpad with 1.10 6 promastigotes. After 4 weeks, mice were randomly assigned to 6 experimental groups (n=4): Control (non-treated), PDT1 (submitted to one PDT session) PDT2 (submitted to two PDT sessions), (PDT1NPNO and PDT2NPNO (submitted to one and two PDT sessions following S-nitroso-MSA-CSNPs, respectively) and NPNO (treated only with S-nitroso-MSA-CSNPs). The second PDT session was performed 24 h after the first. PDT was performed using a red LED (λ= 66022 nm), MB (100 μM) and fluence of 150 J/cm2. Disease progression was evaluated once a week for 4 weeks by measuring lesion size with a caliper and hyperalgesia with von Frey filaments. Parasite burden was analyzed through luciferase detection by bioimaging, every day, in the first 96 h and then for the next 4 weeks. Test groups presented significant reduction in parasite load compared to control during all experimental period except for PDT2NPNO. Our results indicate that two PDT sessions were more efficient suggesting a modulation of the inflammatory process. However, under these conditions, our results demonstrate that CSNPs were not able to enhance MB-mediated PDT efficiency on parasite burden on L. (L) amazonensis-induced CL in mice.

Estudo da terapia fotodinâmica no tratamento de Leishmaniose cutânea em modelo murino