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Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine have as main objective the morphologic/functional reestablishment of injured tissues and organs using cells, scaffolds, stem cells and control of immunological/biochemical responses promoted by the body. In addition, materials science seeks to develop biocompatible biomaterials that do not promote unwanted immune responses and provide the re-establishment of the functions of the tissue/organ. Polymers of natural origin stand out as biomaterials to resemble biological macromolecules, similarity to the extracellular matrix, reduced chance of inflammation and chronic pacing low or no toxicity. This study aimed the development of macromolecular arrays originated from epoxidized soybean oil (OSE), analyzing the relationship between the chemical structure/biological activity of the macromolecular arrays for use as biomaterials in tissue engineering. The synthesis of OSE was performed through the oleochemical route, whose efficiency was determined by infrared spectroscopy and the reaction yield of 85%, determined by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. From the analysis by differential scanning calorimetry, it was detected a decrease of the glass transition temperature of the epoxidized soybean oil polymer (POSE) compared with OSE, suggesting an increase of the growth of polymer chains of POSE. Thermogravimetric analysis was performed to define the OSE degradation profile, which degrades in two steps. The POSE degrades in just one step and shows higher thermal stability by the increased molecular interactions. The hydrophilicity and crosslinking of POSE was promoted by the addition of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) with the monomer grafting by gamma irradiation. The results showed an increased mechanical stability, gelation and water absorption with the HEMA content increasing. Finally, the degree of crystallinity for such polymers grafted with HEMA was 27.5%, estimated by X-ray diffractometry. The second stage was characterized by (i) developing POSEs with the grafting of HEMA in the proportions OSE / HEMA 90:10 and 65:35 irradiated by gamma rays at doses of 50 and 100kGy, (ii) physico-chemical characterization of POSE-HEMA and (iii) analysis of biological materials. By infrared spectroscopy, it was detect the epoxidized regions of POSE, as well as the successful grafting of the monomer HEMA concentrations with all radiation doses. By differential scanning calorimetry, the activation energy was calculated (Ea) of the polymers. The crystallinity of the material was defined by X-ray diffraction, showing tendency of amorphous material as well as a small percentage of the increase in crystallinity with increasing intensity of radiation doses during this synthesis and a decrease in crystallinity with the increasing concentration of HEMA. The analysis of the samples did not show cytotoxicity on POSE-HEMA and confirmed the efficiency of polymer washings to remove the processing waste. The analysis of hemocompatibility showed any platelet adhesion and the cell growth on the scaffolds was positive. From the results obtained in this research, we concluded by the potential use of POSE-HEMA in tissue engineering.

Estudo das propriedades biocompatíveis de arcabouços poliméricos derivados de óleos vegetais para aplicação na engenharia de tecidos