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This research has as objective to analyze the conduct of the economic policy of the Government of Popular Unity (1970-1973), led by President Salvador Allende (19081973), in his attempt to achieve a peaceful, plural and democratic transition from Chile to a society socialist, transition known as "the Chilean way to socialism. Reconstituting the historical development of Chile between the 1929 crisis and Allende's electoral victory, we present how the Chilean economic backwardness and dependence provided the basis for the formulation of the economic plan of the Popular Unity while the peculiarities of the Chilean political system, stability and predominance of the civil powers, allowed the left to aspire to a transition to socialism using the existing political system. From the complex and fragile balance between economic advances towards building a socialist economy with a large state presence and the search for political and electoral hegemony, the Popular Unity government had to face a political opposition that gradually strengthened with the the economic changes proposed by the left. Through the verification of the economic data of the period studied, we present the central points for understanding the development of the Allende administration, from the euphoria of the results achieved in 1971, such as the advancement of redistributive politics and the various nationalizations in the industrial and until the general crisis of the economy during 1973 and the coup d'etat given by the Chilean military, with the support of the conservative sectors of Chilean society and the United States government.

A condução da política econômica no Governo da Unidade Popular, de Salvador Allende - 1970/1973