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The adequate prenatal care is important to reduce maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality, identifying factors that may put the pregnant woman and the fetus at greater risk of adverse outcomes. The assessment of the adequacy of prenatal care is done through different measures that involve the monitoring, access and quality of care. Objective: Compare results of different indices of inadequacy of prenatal care, as outcomes, in structural equation models from a theoretical model for risk factors. Methods: The study used data from the Brazilian 2013 National Health Survey (PNS), with a sample of 1,851 mothers who had their last births between 2011 and 2013, representing 3,818,936 women, applying the complex sampling weight. Structural equation models were employed for the measurement of the latent variables involved in the theoretical model and for the modeling of risk factors for the inadequacy of the assistance. Fit indices were used to evaluate the models. Results: Four indices were considered to estimate the variable of inadequacy of prenatal care. Socioeconomic Vulnerability was strongly associated with the inadequate outcome of prenatal care and other covariates of the psychosocial and biological dimensions. Effects of hypertension were identified for some outcomes. The presence of chronic diseases influenced the health self-assessment, but had no effect on the outcome. Models with and without sample weight presented different results. Conclusion: The socioeconomic aspects should be considered when assessing the inadequacy of prenatal care. The results suggest that different causal pathways may be associated with different aspects of care.

Comparação de índices de avaliação da assistência pré- natal em base de dados nacional: uma análise com modelagem de equações estruturais