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Birth care in Brazil is marked by strong predominance of unnecessary interventions at the expense of values such as care. Some policies have been developed in order to change such a scenario but with slow results. There are also some strategies and tools developed and disseminated among women themselves. One of those is the construction of the birth plan, which aims to inform and expand participation and decision making during childbirth. Widespread among middle class women, this tool has been used in some primary care services in the country such as UBS Thérsio Ventura/São Paulo, a training field for the course of Midwifery EACH/USP. This study aimed to understand and analyse the use of birth plan between women who use the public health system and doctors/managers. Using qualitative methodology, empirical data was produced from interviews with women who experienced birth plan in the public system; interviews with doctors/managers; observation of a guidance for the birth plan construction; observation of two support groups at the studied health center, and document analysis of educational materials and documents relating to municipal and national maternal health policies. The material was subjected to content analysis of which the following categories emerged: (a) It is not your disability, but the system’s; (b) From ‘poor thing’ to powerful; (c) Intervention that once was 'help'; (d) Resistance and negotiation of the encounter; (e) Birth Plan as a mobilizer of “care as a value”; (e) The safety of the baby as blackmail; (f) About commanders, airplanes and the need for new analogies; (g) Birth plan as defiance: negligence and retaliation; (h) Limits for 'informed decision' in the public health system. Birth plan functions as an educational tool that causes fissures in the symbolic hierarchical relationship of women in relation to professionals. As there isn’t a culture that promotes joint decision-making and because there is a clear contradiction between the type of care women require and what professionals are ready and willing to offer, birth plan can end in neglect and retaliation. It could be useful in building protocols and care between the institutions. A model to be discussed should ensure space for socio-cultural singularities, to the explanation of times that procedures may be required and also space for disclosure of sites to which woman can turn in case of violation of rights.

O desafio do direito à autonomia: uma experiência de Plano de Parto no SUS