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COAN, M. M. Detecção de genes codificadores de resistência a antimicrobianos de importância clínica em amostras de carne de frango [Dissertação de Mestrado]. São Paulo: Faculdade de Saúde Pública da USP; 2014/ Detection of genes encoding resistance to clinically important antibiotics in samples of chicken. São Paulo (BR): Faculdade de Saúde Pública da USP; 2014. Introduction. The introduction of antibiotics in clinical practice in the twentieth century was a breakthrough for medicine. However, their indiscriminate use in both medicine (human and animal) as in agriculture and livestock, enabled the selection and spread of resistant microorganisms. Horizontal gene transfer is a major mechanism responsible for the spread of genes encoding antimicrobial resistance, since it allows the transmission of resistance from one bacteria to another. Genes encoding resistance to antimicrobials of clinical importance are found in microorganisms present in food, environment and clinical sources. Objective. The aim of this study was to detect genes encoding resistance to β -lactam antibiotics, tetracyclines and quinolones in meat samples from chicken samples, to study the occurrence of antimicrobial resistance in this product considered a common food in human diet. Materials and Methods. Thirty samples of chicken were used. After inoculation of chicken meat in Luria broth 0.5 %, the total DNA of the bacteria cultured was extracted by heat shock and used to search resistance genes by PCR followed by agarose gel electrophoresis. The search for thermotolerant coliforms was also conducted using the technique of multiple tubes in order to estimate the sanitary quality of the samples. Results: Eight (26,7 %) of the samples had one or more genes encoding for resistance to β -lactam antimicrobials, 28 (93,3%) had one or more genes encoding resistance to tetracyclines and 27 (93,3 %) samples had one or more genes encoding resistance to quinolones. Conclusions: This study contributes to the scientific community and sanitary agencies, bringing information regarding the occurrence and distribution of resistance genes in chicken, alerting the Public Health authorities in Brazil about the spread of bacterial resistance and the need for more studies in this field, as these are rare or nonexistent in the country.