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Medeiros-Sousa A.R. Study of diversity patterns of mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in urban parks in the city of São Paulo. [Master thesis (Public health)]. São Paulo. Faculdade de Saúde Pública da Universidade de São Paulo; 2014. Human activities and population growth leads to fragmentation and isolation of natural environments, triggering key alterations on organisms‟ diversity in these locations. To the extent that man interferes with ecological processes and natural environments, increases the risk of contact with pathogens from those places, many of which can be transmitted by mosquitoes. The city of Sao Paulo has a hundred public parks that preserve remnants of flora and fauna and are used by the population as recreational spaces. Little is known about culicid diversity patterns whitin these areas and this lack of data precludes predictions and inferences about ecological processes and risks of vector-borne diseases. This study aimed to describe and analyze the diversity patterns of culicids assemblages in urban parks of the city. Immature and adult mosquitoes were collected between 2011/2012 and 2012/2013 in ten urban parks: Alfredo Volpi, Anhanguera, Burle Marx, Carmo, Chico Mendes, Ibirapuera, Piqueri, Previdência, Santo Dias and Sangrila. Altogether twelve samplings were performed at each park throughout a year. After species identification were calculated richness, abundance and Shannon e Simpson index for each park and replica. Statistical tests were applied to verify significant differences between parks and seasons of the year in relation to diversity parameters. Similarity were calculated for species composition between parks and type of breeding sites and associations between environmental parameters were tested for alpha and beta diversity. Over the study 81 species / taxa were collected in all the ten parks surveyed. The most common and abundant species were Ae. albopictus, Ae. scapularis, Ae. fluviatilis, Cx. quinquefasciatus and Cx. nigripalpus, epidemiologically important vectors. The Anhanguera was the richest park in species and the Shangrilá park showed the highest diversity. Ibirapuera and Alfredo Volpi showed the lowest richness and diversity respectively. The assemblages showed variations in the comparison between the warmer and rainier months compared to colder and drier ones. We found that environmental differences between parks can influence the species richness and composition. The Selection process proved to be an important key factor in shaping patterns of richness and culicids composition in parks of the city. Apparently, the decrease in the amount of species can promote a homogenization in culicids composition over urban parks, where few resilient species remain in the environment and the majority of these have medical and epidemiological importance. The interaction between vector mosquitoes, reservoirs and people can promote epizootic events and the establishment of transmission cycles in urban environments, it is recommended constant epidemiological surveillance.

Estudo dos padrões de diversidade de mosquitos (Diptera: Culicidae) em parques urbanos da cidade de São Paulo, SP