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Abreu LRS. Composição corporal de recém-nascidos de mães com diabetes mellitus gestacional e de mães com tolerância normal à glicose. / Body composition in newborns and mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus and newborns and mothers with normal glucose tolerance [dissertation]. São Paulo (BR): Faculdade de Saúde Pública da Universidade de São Paulo; 2014. Introduction In 2012, the International Diabetes Federation reported that there are more than 371 million people diagnosed with Diabetes Mellitus worldwide. Brazil ranks third due to increasing urbanization, physical inactivity and increased consumption of high energy density foods, saturated fat, sugar and salt. The subgroup of pregnant women affected by Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) (7.6%), gained prominence since its incidence follows the increase of overweight and obesity in reproductive age women. The intrauterine environment is altered in this metabolic condition, being determinant in fetal fat deposition. Meanwhile, the body fat percentage of infants born to mothers with GDM exceeds the normal range, exposing the offspring to short and long-term risks. Objective Compare anthropometric measures and body composition in newborns and mothers with GDM with newborns of mothers with normal glucose tolerance. Methods This casecontrol study was carried out at Dr Mario de Moraes Silva Altenfelder Municipal Maternity and Hospital and compared the body composition of 62 pairs of full-term newborns and mothers with GDM with 211 pairs of full-term newborn and mothers with normal glucose tolerance, obtained by air displacement plethysmography and segmented bioelectrical impedance, respectively. To detect statistically significant differences, the t-Student and Chi-square (X2) tests were used considering the significance level 5%. Results There was no significant difference in birth weight (p <0.05) between newborns of mothers with GDM and mothers with normal glucose tolerance, however a significant difference in the percentage of body fat (10.9 x 9%, p = 0.004), body fat mass (0.36 x 0.3 kg, p = 0.016), percentage of fatfree mass (89.2 x 91%, p = 0.01) and abdominal circumference (32.8 x 31.2 cm, p <0.001) was observed, respectively. Regarding the mothers, we detected a significant difference in mother's age (29 x 25.9 years, p = 0.001), percentage body fat (36.9 x 32.1%, p <0.001), body fat mass (33.6 x 24.0 kg, p <0.001), fat-free mass (53.6 x 48.3, p <0.001), all segmental compositions of fat mass and fat-free mass (p <0.001), weight gain during pregnancy (13.7 x 11.0 kg, p = 0.022) and pre-pregnancy BMI (30.4 x 25.3 kg/m2, p <0.001). Conclusion Although both groups of newborns have had similar birth weight, those of mothers with GDM had higher body fat and therefore an increased risk of developing metabolic diseases and obesity at different life stages feeding back the global obesity epidemic cycle. Descriptors: Body Composition; Newborn; Gestational, Diabetes.

Composição corporal de recém-nascidos e de mães com diabetes mellitus gestacional e de recém-nascidos e mães com tolerância normal à glicose