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JUNQUEIRA, A.C.P. Development of Brazilian silhouettes scales for children between four and six years old. 2016. 117f. Dissertação (Mestrado) Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. The aim of this study was to develop two silhouettes scales for children of both sexes between four and six years old to evaluate the perception and body size dissatisfaction. The study consisted of two phases. The first phase consisted in the construction of a two-dimensional silhouettes’ scale and a three-dimensional silhouettes’ scale, from the photos of 18 volunteer children, who were divided into nine children of each sex, one representative for each BMI range established for the construction of the scales. To ensure the psychometric qualities of the instruments, it was settled that the mean values of BMI for each figure would be calculated with a constant increase of 1.9 kg/m2. Children with a body mass index equal to the mean of the ranges specified for the pictures of the sequence of scales. These photos have been transformed by a graphic designer in a file for 3D printing and a 2D front file of children's silhouettes. The second phase included the analysis of the psychometric properties of the instruments. Data collection occurred in four private schools in different cities. The study included 193 children aged from four to six years old, being 102 females and 91 males. The scales were presented to each child in ascending or random order, asking them "What figure represents your current body?", "What figure represents the body you’d like to have?", the discrepancy between the figure representing the current BMI and the BMI which represents the desired one, characterized the dissatisfaction with the body size, and the gap between the figure representing the real BMI the child’s actual BMI was characterized as inaccuracy of the perception of the body size. The two-dimensional scale is presented in the form of nine plastic cards for each gender, being 12.5cm tall and 6.5cm wide with a central figure. The three dimensional scale consists of nine figures printed for each genre via 3D printing technology with 12cm of height. The dimensional silhouettes scale showed good teste-retest reliability for accuracy and satisfaction for six year-old children and may be indicative of the influence of the environment and development in small children. The tridimensional silhouettes scale showed to be more appropriate for the assessment of dissatisfaction with the body size in relation of Bidimensional, showing that more details actually allows a better judgment from the children on their whole body as well as on their body parts. This study suggests that silhouettes’ scales can be used in children, and that preschoolers can already fulfill the task of selecting the figure representing their own body by this age. The scales were found to be valid, but they seem to also reflect other sources of variance and influence that need to be investigated. The construction and development of the scales allows more accurate investigation of factors related to body image in preschoolers.

Construção de escalas de silhuetas brasileiras para crianças entre quatro e seis anos de idade