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Silva, JRSN. Construction of vectors for overexpression of the HPV16 L1 protein in Pichia pastoris. [Dissertation. Graduate program in biochemistry]. Chemistry Institute, University of Sao Paulo. Sao Paulo, 2010. The human papillomavirus (HPV) is the etiologic agent of the sexually transmitted infection most common worldwide. The prevalence of HPV infection is estimated at 660 million people and over 50% of women will be affected by the infection at least once in their lifetime. HPV is responsible for virtually all cervical cancers cases (99%), and causes many other types of mucosal cancer. Cervical cancer affects approximately 1.4 million women, and 500.000 new cases occur annually, resulting in 250.000 deaths per year. The highest incidence rates are seen in Latin America and Africa. Two HPV vaccines are marketed since 2006 by foreign companies. However, the minimum cost of vaccination is higher than 360 dollar. This price makes its incorporation by the Brazilian Health System economically unfeasible. Thus, alternatives must be found to produce an effective vaccine, with low cost and high-quality in Brazil. The L1 protein, the major capsid protein of HPV, has the ability to self aggregate into virus-like particles (VLPs) which are the main component of current vaccines. The VLPs are very similar to the native virions and can introduce an immunization predominantly type-specific. This project aimed to construct and evaluate expression vectors to produce, at large scale, the L1 protein of HPV 16, which is the HPV type at greater risk and incidence in the world. Five plasmids were constructed for Pichia pastoris, one of the major industrial expression platforms. They differ in the selection markers and the vector maintenance sequences, but they have exactly the same goal: to create systems with multiple copies of the L1 gene and that don't require the use of antibiotics. This strategy was chosen because the productivity of many heterologous proteins have heavy dependence on gene dosage and because the use of antibiotics is extremely expensive for its production. In the first stage of the project, it was rated an episomal auxotrophic expression system, but it was unstable after a period of 60 generations. In the second part, two vectors for integration in the ribosomal DNA locus were tested. The most stable and productive system was featured on the number of copies integrated into the P. pastoris genome and on the expression level. It was proved that the system is able to produce clones with more than 30 copies of the L1 gene and two clones expressed approximately 20-30 milligrams/liter of L1. Additionally, two other integrative vectors for integration in telomeric sequences were constructed for future testing. More studies on large-scale fermentation and protein purification will be necessary to determine the feasibility of the system.

Construção de vetores para superexpressão da proteína L1 do HPV16 em Pichia pastoris