English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

BARBOSA, C. B. Mycoflora and occurrence of mycotoxins in grains of wheat freshly harvested and stored. 2014. 138 p. Masters thesis (Microbiology) Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, 2014. The present study aimed to evaluated the mycoflora and occurrence of mycotoxins (deoxynivalenol (DON), zearalenone (ZEA) and alternariol (AOH)) in freshly harvested and stored wheat samples from two producing regions in the southwest of the state of São Paulo, Brazil, Capão Bonito e Avaré. The samples were examined monthly over a period of seven months. Abiotic factors , water activity and climatological growing regions also constituted the study objective.The isolation of fungi was performed by direct plating technique using agar medium DRBC (dicholoran Rose Bengal Chloramphenicol) and DG 18 (dicholoran Glycerol) . The fungi were identified at genus , however, the genera Fusarium and Alternaria were identified to species using classics morphological methods (macro and micromorphological) and molecular (partial sequencing of the gene TEF-1α gene and the Alt a 1, respectively). Mycotoxicological analyzes were performed using high performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), reverse phase column C-8, electrospray ionization in the positive mode and gradient elution. The results showed the predominance of Alternaria in all samples , followed by Epicoccum (12.6 %), Fusarium (8.3%) and over 16 other genera of filamentous fungi: Phoma (6.3%), Cladosporium (4.9%), Drechslera (3.7%), Nigrospora (1.5%), Aspergillus (1.4%), Bipolaris (1.2%), Penicillium (1.0%), Acremonium (0.27%), Pyrenophora (0.22 %), Mucor (0.13 %), Curvularia (0.1%), Helminthosporium (0.09 %), Monographella (0.05%), Rhizopus (0.04 %), Phomopsis (0.03%) and Chaetomonium (0.02 %). The average water activity in the samples ranged from 0.75 to 0.53 and as well as fungal growth, decreased with storage time. F. graminearum and A. alternata were the most frequentspecies from the respective genus. Of the 70 samples from Capão Bonito region, 69 (98.6%) were contaminated with DON (210 to 2910 ug/kg) and 3 (4.3%) samples with ZEA (20 to 30.1 ug/kg). Regarding AOH, samples showed no contamination. Due to prior beneficiation process, samples from Avaré were not contaminated by any of the studied Fusarium spp. and Alternaria spp. toxins. DON levels were lower than the established limitof Brazilian legislation (3000 μg /kg), but exceed the legal limits set by the European Community (1750 μg / kg), which demonstrates the need for greater control and supervision, in order to determine the extent of contamination and provide important information, scarce in our country, for wheat production and marketing segments as well as for monitoring and research, to ensure better quality products for consumers.

Micoflora e ocorrência de micotoxinas em grãos de trigo recém-colhidos e armazenados.