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Phenotypic characterization is a classic theme in evolutionary biology. The way different characters respond to evolutionary processes has been a frequent issue in studies involving a diverse number of species. This study aimed to investigate how a particular phenotype behaves by gene flow. First, it was explored the possibility to use analysis of craniometric traits to identify and distinguish individuals previously sorted by color into three groups: white, black and brown. Secondly, it was tested whether the cranial morphology expressed by individuals classified as brown would be intermediate compared to that expressed by whites and blacks. The univariate and multivariate statistical analysis used for the different databases (raw databases, data from male and female portions separately, data ajusted regarding size factor and normality) pointed out to be possible to discriminate individuals previously classified as white, black and brown, the latter being presented as an intermediate morphology between the considered parental groups. These results indicate that craniometric traits, besides being good markers for understanding the historical-biological population relationships, also followed as expected in response to gene flow for a classic additive genetic model, in which the hybrid population has medium frequencies between parental populations. Although skin color and cranial morphology represent phenotypes with different evolutionary histories, it was observed a correlation between the two characters for this sample, indicating that both represent good markers for mixture between two populations.

Morfologia craniana híbrida em populações humanas: uma análise morfométrica de crânios brasileiros de brancos, negros e pardos