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Scorpions are unique among terrestrial arthropods in many reproductive biology traits. Courtship involves a complex series of ritualized behaviors; it is divided into three phases: initiation, promenade à deux, and sperm transfer. Courtship behavior has been described for about 50 of the 1600 extant scorpion species. Likewise, litter size and reproductive investment in scorpions are poorly known. Previous studies on Tityus bahiensis described courtship based on few and incomplete observations. The aims of this work were to study courtship behavior in T. bahiensis in order to recognize behavior repertories and behavior patterns for the species by making an ethogram and fluxogram; investigate probable functions of behavior categories; address aspects of the reproductive season; and study litter size, gestation period, and reproductive investment. Nineteen courtships, out of 202 interactions, were used to make the ethogram and the fluxogram. Behavioral sequences were analyzed with JWacher and compiled by a Perl script. For the study of litter size, date of birth, and gestation period, data of 76 females were compiled. Of these, 12 births were obtained from courtship observed in the laboratory. Courtship in T. bahiensis is complex and it is organized in a way that the execution of one phase prepares and regulates the appearance of the next. Initiation phase has functions such as the search for mating partner and species, sexual, and predisposition to court recognition. Promenade à deux phase is divided into two modules. In module I, male stimulates and leads female to a suitable surface for spermatophore deposition, preferentially a bark (X=24,314; g.l.=5; p<0,001). Module II is characterized by frequent and repetitive behaviors, with the function of stimulating the female and preparing her to the next phase. Sperm transfer phase is rapid and stereotyped. Its function is to inseminate and stimulate the female for a successful mate. During mate, male executes copulatory courtship (feeling and kissing). Post transfer phase has a pattern, but with feel categories; most of them has the probable function of breaking the spermatophore flagellum inserted in the male gonopore; male may consume spermatophore, and there is no mating cannibalism. The females of T.

Corte e aspectos da biologia reprodutiva do escorpião brasileiro Tityus bahiensis (Scorpiones: Buthidae)