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Although nowadays there is a predominancy of fossil energy, renewable energy sources are increasing its role in the energy market. In Brazil, ethanol is a consolidated alternative and recently biodiesel has also becoming relevant for the national energy matrix. This fact can be explained due the introduction, by legal obligation, in 2008 of the addition of biodiesel into diesel oil and since 2010 diesel’s blends with 5%vv of fuel from renewable sources (B5) are sold in the country market. Given this legal obligation, it was sought to determine the benefits and burdens in terms of environmental impacts caused by the addition of 5% soybean ethyl ester to diesel oil. For this purpose it was decided to adopt the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), which offers a systemic view, not restricted to the fuel use stage, and allows to identify more precisely which alternative causes less impact to the environment. The results of the Impact Assessment phase showed that the mixture of B5 soybean ethyl ester, when used in a Mercedes-Benz's urban bus, presents worse environmental performance compared with diesel in nine of thirteen evaluated categories, namely: Stratospheric Ozone Depletion, Photochemical Oxidant Formation; Particulate Matter Formation; Terrestrial Acidification, Freshwater Eutrophication, Terrestrial Ecotoxicity; Agricultural Land Occupation; Natural Land Transformation, and Water Depletion. In Climate Change, the mixture of B5 soybean ethyl ester resulted in a better environmental performance, whereas in the other three categories – Human Toxicity, Freshwater Ecotoxicity and Fossil Depletion – both fuels presented equivalent results. In an endpoint evaluation level, which the impacts are expressed by a single indicator, the B5 mixture obtained worse environmental performance, since the result of its index was 0.2% higher than that of diesel oil.

Comparação dos desempenhos ambientais do B5 etílico de soja e do óleo diesel, por meio da Avaliação do Ciclo de Vida (ACV).