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In most Brazilian cities, bus has become the main, and oftentimes the only mean of public transportation, not only servicing those who cannot afford to have a car, but also helping to reduce traffic congestion and thus improving quality of life. In order to encourage the bus usage in many cities, several measures must be taken, including an effort to reduce overall costs and, as a result, fares paid by the users, thus benefit mainly low income users which represent a major part of its users. In this context, an efficient scheduling of vehicles and crews is essential to achieve cost reduction, since it accounts for a major part of overall costs. In this paper, we deal with the Bus Vehicle Crew Scheduling Problem, in which bus and crew schedules are simultaneously determined in an integrated approach. We propose an approach based on Variable Neighborhood search to solve this complex problem, which was implemented in C++. Computational results for real-world problems are presented, showing the effectiveness of this novel approach in comparison with other four approaches found in the literature.

Heurísticas baseadas em busca em vizinhança variável para o problema de programação integrada de veículos e tripulações no transporte coletivo urbano por ônibus.