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Lightning discharges are among the main causes of disturbances in electrical systems, causing overvoltages and leading to a significant portion of unscheduled interruptions. Such disturbances are increasingly noticed by consumers, causing from malfunction to the burnt-out of electrical-electronic devices and equipment in homes, businesses and industries. Formerly electromechanical, such devices currently are, in their majority, produced with semiconductors, what makes them more sensitive to interferences. Lightning discharges also present the aggravation of not being recorded in power suppliers’ databases, but for seldom exceptions, as opposed to switching operations, failures and charge variations in the distribution network. This situation contributes for the increasingly frequent conflicts among consumers and power companies regarding indemnity claims due to damages to electrical devices. Given the subject’s significance, many studies have been conducted along the past years, not explaining, however, all the aspects required to minimize those problems. On this work, the amplitudes and waveforms of overvoltages on medium and low voltage lines are evaluated upon the incidence of direct discharges on the primary. The voltages transferred to the low voltage side are also evaluated in case of strikes in the vicinity of the line. The study intends to obtain information in order to achieve a performance improvement of distribution networks and, as a consequence, the reduction of damages to consumers to a minimum. In the simulations conducted through ATP (“Alternative Transients Program”), lines with typical configurations are considered and models of proven validity are used to represent the low and medium voltage insulators and the distribution transformer. The work analyses the effect of several parameters on the overvoltages, such as amplitude and waveform of the stroke current, lightning strike point, grounding resistance and existence of surge protective devices. The results presented constitute an important foundation to define the installation criteria of surge protective devices on low voltage networks.

Surtos atmosféricos transferidos à rede secundária via transformador.