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The aims of the present in vivo study were: (1) to compare the performance of different methods in detecting approximal caries lesions in primary molars; (2) to assess the discomfort reported by the children related to these methods; (3) to evaluate the influence of the discomfort related by the children on the performance of each method. Seventy-six children, aged 4–12 years, with at least one primary molar in contact with the adjacent tooth were selected. The volunteers were independently evaluated by two examiners using visual inspection (ICDAS II), radiographic method and pen-type laser fluorescence device. One examiner repeated all the evaluations in 20% of the sample. As reference standard method, the teeth were visually examined in a direct way after separation with orthodontic rubbers. Wong-Baker faces scale was employed to assess the discomfort. To calculate inter and intraexaminer reproducibility, absolute values of indexes and of the fluorescence method were used (intraclass correlation coefficient). Kappa test was also employed after dichotomizing in two differents thresholds: (i) presence of non cavitated caries lesions and; (ii) presence of cavitations. ROC analyses, sensitivity, specificity and accuracy for the same thresholds were calculated and compared with McNemar test. Friedman test was used to compare the discomfort among the methods. Poisson regression analysis was used to evaluate the association between sex, age and type of teeth with the degree of discomfort. Multilevel analyses were performed to verify the influence of this discomfort on performance of the methods, considering the number of false positive and false negative diagnosis as outcomes. At the non-

Desempenho e grau de desconforto de diferentes métodos na detecção de lesões de cárie proximais em molares decíduos: estudo in vivo