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LUGO, PEDRO J. M. Data collection and gas separation modeling in an Inverted-Shroud gravitational separator. 2019. 147p. Dissertação (Mestrado) Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, 2019. The presence of free gas upstream of any pumping system reduces its efficiency, decreases the production rate and increases the parts replacement frequency and maintenance shutdowns. In practice, to reduce free gas at the pump suction, gas-liquid separators are installed upstream the pumping system. There are different gas-liquid separators. Among these, centrifugal, helicoid and gravitational separators stand out. Developed studies in an Inverted-Shroud gravitational separator (IS-separator) indicate that it is possible to reach total-gas-separation, i.e., efficiencies of gas separation (EGS) greater than 97%. A semi-analytical model was proposed to predict the total-gas-separation region, nevertheless, this model overestimates the border of that region and neither incorporate suitably the turbulent kinetic energy dissipation effects inside the separator. In this study, we evaluated experimentally the efficiency of gas separation in an IS-separator, both in a tilted and vertical position. Furthermore, we studied the statistical distribution of bubble size produced by the impact between a downward free-surface flow and a gas-liquid interface in an annular region. Optical techniques were used to study the phenomena of air entrainment, breaking bubbles and turbulent kinetic energy dissipation after the impact. The results showed higher efficiencies of gas separation for the IS-separator in position β=45◦, followed by the vertical separator and inclined β=15◦, respectively. Dimensionless maps of efficiency of gas separation were presented for the three tested positions. For the inclined separator, we developed an experimental expression to determinate the turbulent kinetic energy dissipation length, which adjusted the analytical model to predict the minimum internal annular level length that ensures the total-gas-separation and the bubble diameter inside the separator. In the case of the vertical separator, we proposed an empirical correlation to provide the efficiency of gas separation, once the liquid flow and the pressure differential between the casing and the atmosphere are known. This correlation might also be used to provide the optimal operating condition given a specific efficiency and we believe that it has theoretical foundations and potential to serve for the scaling of Inverted-Shroud under field conditions with low viscosity oils.

Levantamento de dados e modelagem da separação de gás em um separador gravitacional do tipo>i< shroud>/i< invertido