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CARDOSO, B. N. P. (2018). Effect of chromium contamination on aquatic macroinvertebrates in the Monte Alegre stream: community structure and toxicity test. Dissertation (Master). School of Engineering of São Carlos, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, 2018. Chromium is used in different industrial sectors, including applied to tanneries such as leather tanning, whose processing generates solid and liquid residues containing concentrations of this metal, which if launched into the aquatic environment without due treatment, can reach the sediments and affect the aquatic biota. It is in this context that in 2001 about 150 tons of leather chips were released into the soil and from the runoff, leached to the Monte Alegre stream, located in the city of Araraquara (SP), contaminating the sediment and causing changes in the community of aquatic macroinvertebrates of the stream. The present work evaluate the effects of chromium contamination on aquatic macroinvertebrates in the Monte Alegre stream through of the community structure study and by acute and chronic toxicity tests on Chironomus xanthus larvae using contaminated sediment. The samples were collected in two periods of the year and at three distinct points of the stream, one point at the nascent (Point 1), one intermediate (Point 2) and one near the contaminated area (Point 3). The community of aquatic macroinvertebrates was collected in the field using Ekman-Birge drag (225 cm 2) and taken to the laboratory, where they were screened in transiluminated trays. The organisms were identified using specific identification keys. The sediment for the ecotoxicological analysis was also collected using Ekman-Birge drag and taken to the laboratory for testing. The organisms were exposed to the contaminated sediment for mortality evaluation in acute tests with a duration of 96 h, prepared in 500 mL pots adding 240 mL of deionized water, 60 g of sediment, 5 mL of food (Tetramin's solution 5g L -1 ) and 6 instar IV larvae. The chronic test was developed under the same acute conditions, except for the addition of 6 larvae of Chironomus xanthus of I instar, aeration (4 mL s -1 ) and duration of 8 days. The results of the concentration of chromium in the sediment and of the community composition of aquatic macroinvertebrates suggest that the chromium from the leather chips deposited in the soil in 2001 in the Monte Alegre stream did not interfere in the structure of the aquatic macroinvertebrate community, since the concentrations of chromium were also found in point 1 (nascent). At this point, the richness and diversity of species were higher when compared to the other points, pointing to a good environmental quality. The stream sediment showed evidence of toxicity for Chironomus xanthus larvae at point 1 (nascent),

Efeito da contaminação de cromo em macroinvertebrados aquáticos no córrego Monte Alegre: estrutura da comunidade e teste de toxicidade