English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

FREITAS, J.C.A. (2008). Boundary Element Method Applied to the Analysis of Tunnel Using Two-dimensional Approach Models. Master Thesis – Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, 2008. The boundary element method (BEM) has appeared as a powerful alternative to the finite element method (FEM) mainly in the cases where a good accuracy is required, as for problems with strain or stress concentration and problems with domain extending to infinite. The objective of this work is to develop a formulation and the corresponding computational code to analyse the variables in a design of deep tunnels, using a improved BEM two-dimensional numerical model, in which the following techniques were implemented: sub-elementation, sub-region technique, reinforcements introduced by modifying locally the domain rigidity. The two-dimensional model was calibrated to take into account the three-dimensional effects appearing around the tunnel face advance for two cases: i) tunnel without support and ii) tunnel with support. The results showed good accuracy when compared with analytical results even when obtained by using coarse discretizations and therefore requiring less computer time in comparison with other numerical procedures. The sub-elementation technique has smoothed the results for internal points near the boundary. The sub-region technique and the reinforcement inclusions lead to accurate making the computer code reliable. For the parameter calibration to take into account the threedimensional effects applied to non lined tunnels the method of loading reductions was proposed obtaining a tunnel longitudinal deformation profile LDP. For the excavation of lined tunnels four methods of analysis were proposed: i) load reduction model, ii) reduction support stiffness model, iii) additional load model, and iv) decrease of lining load model. All these methods were developed from the kappa (κ) model, developed in this work using three-dimensional results obtained by using the computational systems BEFE and BEFE++ and compared with the Schwartz-Einstein method. Finally the method used to build the radial displacement graphic for lined circular tunnels, taking into account the support insertion delay, using either a numerical method or plane strain analytical solutions, was developed. Key-words: Tunnels; Boundary Element Method; Finite Element Method; three-dimensional Analysis; Support.

Método dos elementos de contorno aplicado à análise de escavações em túneis utilizando modelos aproximados bidimensionais