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x ASSIS, A. F. Population and molecular study of N. testaceicornis Cockerell (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Meliponini) by using of mitochondrial DNA. (2010). VIII+66p. Dissertação de Mestrado. Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo. Nannotrigona testaceicornis is a stingless bee species whose nests are widely found in urban regions. The meliponines are among the most important Brazilian flora pollinators, however, many species are in seriously extinction danger due to habitat loss and isolation caused by deforestation, indiscriminate use of agricultural defensives, and great extent burnings. These changes result in fragmented ecosystems, in small extent of land showing residual vegetation, and in a human impacted landscape. In this process, large populations are reduced and subdivided, leading to ecological and genetic changes. Population studies of meliponine species are still scarce, showing the necessity of more investigation to a better understanding of the population dynamics of these bees. In this context, this work aimed to perform a population study in nests sampled in São Paulo and Minas Gerais states, using the mtDNA as a molecular tool. The PCR+RFLP analyses of five mtDNA regions did not show polymorphisms among the studied populations, and just one haplotype was detected. The study through CO I gene fragment sequencing in sixty workers collected in ten different places from the two Brazilian states mentioned above revealed the presence of five haplotypes. Three of them were exclusive to just one population and one was shared by 70% of the studied populations. The average haplotype diversity (Hd= 0.264) and the average nucleotide diversity (π=0.00386) were estimated and showed low deviation among the haplotypes. The statistical analyses revealed that the studied populations are structured in three groups. This split may be explained as a consequence of ancient events caused by climatic changes due to Pleistocene glaciations resulting in a population bottleneck and later dispersion; in addition to these, a geographical barrier formed by the “Serra do Espinhaço” mountain complex, had isolated two of the studied populations (Viçosa and Caratinga), conducing them to differentiation.

Estudo populacional e molecular de Nannotrigona testaceicornis Cockerell (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Meliponini) através do DNA mitocondrial