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This study seeks to understand the importance of prenatal care policies in Brazil, and also verify if one of them, the “Rede de Proteção à Mãe Paulistana” program, has achieved its main targets. We used the method of difference in differences applied to the Live Births Statement, provided by Fundação SEADE, together with the Demographic Census of 2000, released by the IBGE, data. The results indicate that the program might actually have increased the number of prenatal appointments, as well as the incidence of hospital births. We also found evidence of a reduction in prematurity, along with a drop in APGAR 1 score, measured in the first minute of life of the newborn, which seem to be related to the improvement of pregnancy monitoring. The program have also positively affected the APGAR 5 score, measured in the fifth minute of life of the newborn, which seems to indicate that babies born of mothers that had the chance to participate in the program have adapted better to the extrauterine environment when compared to the ones that did not have that opportunity. Finally, we found evidence that the distance to the spot where prenatal appointments take place is also important to allow better pregnancy monitoring, which may be associated with an increased likelihood that the baby is born alive.

Investimento público em saúde pré-natal: inferência causal e canais de impacto