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Characterization, transmission, reaction of cultivars and sensitivity to fungicide of Colletotrichum plurivorum associated with soybean anthracnose Soybean cultivation has great importance in world food security with Brazil being the second largest grain producer. Among the factors that affect crop production, diseases stand out and one of the main ones is anthracnose. Different species of Colletotrichum have been related to soybean anthracnose, such as C. truncatum, generally reported as the main causal agent of the disease, and C. plurivorum, previously named C. cliviae and a recently described pathosystem associated species. The aim of this work was to characterize in a phylogenetic, morphological and cultural way the species C. plurivorum comparing it with C. truncatum; to compare the aggressiveness and seed-plant and plant-seed transmission capacity between C. plurivorum and C. truncatum in soybean cultivation; to test the reaction of different soybean cultivars to C. plurivorum; and to verify C. plurivorum in vitro sensitivity to fungicides registered in Brazil for disease control. Based on Bayesian phylogenetic analysis, the strains previously called C. cliviae were reclassified as C. plurivorum, grouped together with new strains from recent collections. One strain was classified as C. musicola, the first report of this species on soybean symptomatic plant. The C. plurivorum strains had higher mycelial growth rates than those of C. truncatum, whereas the sporulation of the second species was superior. C. truncatum was more aggressive than C. plurivorum to the AMS Tibagi cultivar after inoculations with spore suspensions at the V2-V3 growth stage. In the seed-plant transmission test, C. plurivorum and C. truncatum transmission rates from the seed to the plant varied between 37% and 79%. Transmission of the pathogens to the grains was not observed when the plants were inoculated in stages R2 and R5, besides not affecting the production of pods and grains. Among the tested cultivars, ‘AMS Tibagi’ showed the highest resistance to C. plurivorum, while the other cultivars were significantly affected in the physiological quality parameters. C. plurivorum and C. musicola strains showed insensitivity, low or medium sensitivity to trifloxystrobin and pyraclostrobin fungicides. For these same fungicides, C. truncatum and C. sojae strains were classified as highly sensitive (EC50 less than 1 μg mL ). C. plurivorum and C. musicola strains showed the E198A mutation in the beta-tubulin gene, which confers resistance to thiophanate-methyl, whereas C. truncatum strains were considered highly sensitive to this fungicide and did not present the mutation in the beta-tubulin gene. C. plurivorum and C. truncatum strains were considered highly sensitive to difenoconazol and fludioxonil fungicides. Identifying and knowing the characteristics of the Colletotrichum species that affect one of the main commodities in Brazil is fundamental to understand the epidemiology of the disease and to succeed in the development of more efficient control strategies.

Caracterização, transmissão, reação de cultivares e sensibilidade a fungicidas de &gt;i&lt;Colletotrichum plurivorum&gt;/i&lt; associado à antracnose da soja