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Morpho-agronomic diversity and natural outcrossing rate in peppers Capsicum chinense Studies on the diversity and reproductive system of crop plants are important for plant breeding programs as well as for the conservation and use of genetic resources. This work is composed of two stages: the first stage aimed to characterize 40 accessions of pepper (Capsicum spp.) from the germplasm bank of the Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, with morpho-agronomic traits, and generating information that subsidized the methodology of the second stage, estimating the natural outcrossing rate of this species. The characterization was carried out for 16 traits, with high diversity being observed for the traits of plant growth habit, leaf shape, plant height, anther color, stigma exertion, presence of spots on corolla, calyx annular constriction, fruit color at mature stage, fruit shape, fruit apex shape, fruit surface, presence of pungency, days to flowering, weight, width and length of the fruit. Among the 40 accessions, 85% belonged to the species C. chinense, while 10% showed characteristic of both C. annuum and C. frutescens, and two accessions were identified as C. baccatum. Principal Components multivariate analyses (PCA), cluster and Principal Coordinates analyses (PcoA) were performed showing the existence of variability between the accessions. The dissimilarity coefficient ranged from 0.015 to 0.818. The cluster analysis resulted in the formation of five groups of accessions that diverged mainly according to size and shape of the fruit. Based on the diversity analysis, three morphologically distinct accessions of C. chinense were selected as parents for estimating the natural outcrossing rate. The three accessions were arranged in modules containing one plant of each genotype and were left in the field for the occurrence of natural crosses. Artificial hybridizations were made between the selected accessions in order to obtain hybrids for use as testers in the evaluation of the occurrence and direction of crosses by observing the expression of the morphological markers. The outcrossing rates varied from 0% to 40.6%, indicating that C. chinense presents a mixed reproductive system, and that the outcrossing rates varied mainly due to the genotype.

Diversidade morfoagronômica e taxa de cruzamento natural em pimentas <i>Capsicum chinense</i>